The Pashupatinath Temple is one of the most sacred Hindu temples in the world, dedicated to Lord Shiva in his form as Pashupati (Lord of the Animals). Located in Kathmandu, Nepal, on the banks of the Bagmati River, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (since 1979) and a major pilgrimage destination.
Historical Origins
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Ancient Legends
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According to Hindu mythology, the temple’s origin is linked to a story where Lord Shiva and his consort Parvati took the form of antelopes and wandered in the forests of Kathmandu. When the gods caught them, Shiva’s horn broke, turning into a lingam (symbol of Shiva), marking the sacred site.
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Another legend says a cowherd found the self-originated (Svayambhu) lingam after his cow would mysteriously pour milk on a particular spot.
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Early Historical Mentions
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The temple’s existence dates back to at least 400 AD, as mentioned in the Gopalraj Vamsavali, Nepal’s oldest chronicle.
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Licchavi King Prachanda Deva (5th century) is credited with building the first structured temple here.
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Medieval Period & Reconstructions
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The temple was destroyed and rebuilt multiple times due to invasions and natural disasters.
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Shankaracharya (8th-9th century) is believed to have restored the temple and established Hindu traditions.
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Malla Kings (14th-18th century) contributed to its grandeur, adding intricate carvings and gold plating.
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Modern Era
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The current pagoda-style structure was built in 1696 CE after a fire destroyed the earlier temple.
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The Shah Dynasty (1768-2008) and later the Nepalese government maintained the temple’s sanctity.
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Architectural Significance
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Built in Nepalese pagoda style, the temple has a gold-plated roof, silver doors, and exquisite wood carvings.
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Only Hindus are allowed inside the main temple, while others can view it from the opposite bank of the Bagmati River.
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The complex includes smaller temples, ashrams, and cremation ghats (Arya Ghat being the most sacred).
Religious & Cultural Importance
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One of the 12 Jyotirlingas (though not officially listed, it holds similar reverence).
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Major festivals like Maha Shivaratri, Teej, and Bala Chaturdashi attract thousands of devotees.
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The Bagmati River cremation ghats are considered highly auspicious for Hindu last rites.
Controversies & Management
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The temple priests (Bhattas) were traditionally from South India (Karnataka), but in 2009, Nepalese priests replaced them, causing political and religious disputes.
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The Pashupati Area Development Trust (PADT) now manages the temple.
Today, Pashupatinath remains a spiritual hub, blending history, religion, and Nepalese culture. Would you like details on any specific aspect of its history?
